Very Old
Rocks
By Paul
Nethercott
August
2012
Comparison of
African and Canadian Diamonds
Table
1
Congo |
Leslie |
Grizzly |
Fox |
Koala |
Jwaneng |
Million
Years |
Million
Years |
Million
Years |
Million
Years |
Million
Years |
Million
Years |
5,500 |
7,500 |
7,500 |
6,500 |
6,500 |
5,000 |
5,500 |
7,500 |
7,500 |
7,500 |
7,000 |
5,000 |
5,500 |
8,000 |
8,300 |
7,500 |
5,000 | |
6,500 |
5,000 | ||||
6,500 |
|||||
6,500 |
These samples
were dated in the year 2000 1 by scientists from the
University of Manchester, University College London and the University of
Glasgow in Scotland. Samples were taken from Canada
(Fox, Grizzly,
Leslie
and Koala), the
Democratic
Republic of Congo and from Botswana (Jwaneng). The article states that “apparent
ages for most diamonds are greater than the age of the Earth.” 2 Twenty one dates in this
table 2 are indeed older
than the theory of evolution would allow. Fourteen are over six billion years
old. The article admits that many dates are meaningless: “all apparent
ages are higher than the host kimberlite eruption ages and most are higher than
the 4.5 Ga geochron.”
3
Standard
evolutionist geology views the Earth as being 4.5 billion years old. Here are
some quotes from popular text: “The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion
years.” 4 “The Solar System, formed between 4.53 and 4.58
billion years ago.” 5 “The age of 4.54 billion years found for
the Solar System and Earth.” 5 “A
valid age for the Earth of 4.55 billion years.” 6, 7
Laser
Argon-40/Argon-39 Age Determinations
This
dating on Moon rocks was done in 1998 by scientists from the University of
Manchester in England. “The Luna 24 mission returned 160 cm of core (0.17 kg)
from the south eastern rim of Mare Crisium in August 1976.” 8 Nineteen samples from this
Russian space probe were dates by Argon dating as being older than the
evolutionist age of the Moon. 9
“The presence of
trapped Ar components is evident
from the anomalously high apparent ages determined from the measured 40Ar/39Ar values for the initial
30-40% of K release.”
10 “Interpretation
of the apparent ages is problematic because neither the clast composition nor
the proportions of clast and matrix in the analysed splits could be
determined.”
11 The
current consensus among evolutionists is that the true age of the Moon is 4.5
billion years old. 12
Table
2
Sample
Number |
Age,
Million Years |
lc_1 |
5,700 |
3_1 |
4,810 |
5_1 |
5,760 |
5_2 |
5,320 |
5_3 |
5,060 |
7a_1 |
6,930 |
7a_2 |
6,240 |
7a_3 |
5,760 |
7a_4 |
5,180 |
7a_7 |
4,810 |
7a_8 |
5,250 |
7a_9 |
4,880 |
7a_14 |
5,180 |
7b_1 |
5,400 |
7b_2 |
5,110 |
7c_1 |
6,080 |
7c_2 |
5,330 |
7c_4 |
4,990 |
7c_5 |
4,770 |
Meteorite:
Northwest Africa 482
“Northwest Africa
482 (NWA 482) is the second largest lunar meteorite and the fifth found in the
Sahara. The complete stone had a mass of 1.015 kg before cutting.”
13 In 2002 it was dated
by scientists from the Lunar and
Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona. The results of the dating 14 are summarised below in
table 3.
Table
3
Bulk
Sample |
Age,
Million Years |
9,670 | |
8,560 | |
8,127 | |
6,256 | |
Glass
Sample |
Age,
Million Years |
9,905 | |
7,388 | |
5,708 |
The author of
the article explains why he thinks that the ages are so absurd: “We believe that
this 40Ar is probably dominated by terrestrial contamination.” 15
Rhenium–Osmium
Isotopic Composition in Diamonds
These rock
samples from the King Leopold ranges in Western Australia were dated in 2010 by
scientists from the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town,
South Africa and the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution
of Washington. 16
The difference between the oldest and youngest dates 17 as shown in table 4 is
16,254 million years. The author of the article explains why he thinks that the
ages are so absurd: “The chalcopyrite inclusion from EL57 gives a model age
older than the age of the Earth, evidence, perhaps, that this sulphide has
suffered Re loss.”
18
Table
4
Sample
Name |
Age,
Million Years |
EL10 |
1,658 |
EL26 |
430 |
EL57 |
7,457 |
EL61 |
847 |
EL23 |
1,264 |
EL50 |
1,171 |
EL54_1 |
-8,281 |
EL54_3 |
-362 |
EL55_1 |
7,973 |
EL55_2 |
-104 |
EL65 |
-5,773 |
K-Ar Dating of
Diamonds
This dating was
done in 1983 by scientists from the Geophysical Institute, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo. 19 Eight dates are older than the evolutionist age of the
Earth. 20 The author blames Argon contamination for the bizarre dates
that were obtained: “Because of the extremely small amount of argon, the hot
blank corrections were similar to or even larger than the argon in the diamonds,
resulting in a large uncertainty in the experimental results.” 20 The
author admits that the dates are absolutely meaningless: “The apparent K-Ar ages
range from 150 million to nine billion years, indicating that the non radiogenic
40Ar is significant. Since we have no way to make a correction for
the non-radiogenic 40Ar, the apparent K-Ar age does not offer useful information
on the age of the diamonds.” 21 Whichever date the author accepts is
simply an arbitrary choice. Any date is just as good as any other
date.
Table
5
Sample
Number |
Million
Years |
Premier
Mine |
|
82701N |
5,800 |
827021 |
5,200 |
82703A |
8,200 |
8270413 |
3,300 |
Unidentified
Origin |
|
821104N |
4,800 |
821105H |
5,700 |
821106N |
4,400 |
821107N |
5,000 |
8211083 |
4,500 |
8211091 |
9,100 |
82111ON |
6,600 |
821111N |
150 |
Isotopic And
Petrographic Evidence
This dating was
done in 2008 by scientists from the Department of Earth & Atmospheric
Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada and from the Department of Earth
Sciences, The Open University, England. 22 Two meteorites (Allan
Hills and Northwest Africa) were dated and fourteen dates are older than the
evolutionist age of the Earth. 23
The
article admits that the dates are meaningless: “The
most striking observation is that all of NWA 1950 shock melt data, and more than
half of the ages derived from ALH 77005 shock melts, are impossibly ancient,
older than the Solar System itself (4.567 Ga; Fig.
6).
Moreover, ancient ages (>4.567 Ga) from shock melts are known in meteorites,
in articular the Peace River L6
chondrite, studied by Ar–Ar stepped heating and localized outgassing by a laser
probe (McConville
et al., 1988).”
24 The article concludes with the
following remarks: “Our Ar–Ar
results for shock melts—ages in >4.567 Ga and 40Ar/36Ar ratios that overlap
with previous measurements of the Martian atmosphere—indicate that shock melt ‘ages’ are meaningless in
terms of any real event.”
25
Table
6
Sample |
Age |
Number |
Million
Years |
1 |
8,064 |
2 |
7,192 |
3 |
7,064 |
4 |
6,872 |
5 |
6,679 |
6 |
6,423 |
7 |
6,205 |
8 |
6,179 |
9 |
6,103 |
10 |
5,346 |
11 |
5,103 |
12 |
5,103 |
13 |
5,026 |
14 |
4,654 |
Rhenium–Osmium
Systematics Of Diamond-Bearing Eclogites
Scientists from
the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa and
the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington,
preformed this dating in 2003. 26 There is a 31,600 million
years between the oldest and youngest dates. 27 “Thus, the Re–Os model ages, when calculated relative to a
mantle undergoing chondritic Os isotopic evolution, are considerably older,
varying from 3.1 to 18.5Ga (seeTable 3
for calculation parameters). Model ages older
than the age of the Earth are a clear indication that at least some of the
samples have not experienced the simple single-stage Re–Os evolution required by
the model age calculation. The unrealistically old Re–Os model ages reflect
Re/Os ratios too low to account for the high measured
187Os/188Os.” 28 The author concluded the
article with the following remarks: “The
scatter in Re–Os systematics reflects a complex history for these eclogites that
makes it impossible to define a precise age.”
29
Table
7
Sample
Name |
Age,
Billion
Years |
AHM-C5 |
-13.1 |
AHM-K1/1 |
5.86 |
AHM-K4/2 |
4.24 |
AHM-K5/2 |
4.47 |
AHM-K6/1 |
5.12 |
AHM-K6/2 |
5.14 |
AHM-K13 |
18.5 |
AHM-K14 |
4.09 |
AHM-K15 |
13.8 |
A Study Of
Northern Canadian Cordillera Xenoliths
These samples
were dated in the year 2000 by Geologists from the University Of Montreal,
Canada and from the Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, McGill University,
Canada. 30 The samples
were taken from mountain ranges near the Canadian/Alaskan border. 31 The data 32 in table 8 contrasts
model age versus minimum age. “The decoupling of
187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os observed
in the Canadian Cordillera xenolith data also affects the calculation of Os
model ages, and leads to “future” ages or ages older than the Earth (Table
1).” 33
Because the data is so bad the author admits: “Because of the apparent perturbation
of the Re/Os ratios, age information cannot be obtained from an isochron
diagram.” 33
How can a rock that exists in the present have formed million of years in
the future? Such a proposition is illogical.
Table
8
Sample |
Model
Age |
Minimum
Age |
Name |
Billion
Years |
Billion
Years |
AL-42 |
Less
Than Zero |
0.46 |
AL-46 |
Less
Than Zero | |
AL-75 |
Less
Than Zero |
0.43 |
AL-76 |
Less
Than Zero |
0.10 |
AL-86 |
Less
Than Zero |
0.52 |
AL-88 |
0.32 |
Less
Than Zero |
AL-41 |
Less
Than Zero |
0.48 |
AL-52 |
Less
Than Zero |
0.22 |
XLG-29A |
Less
Than Zero |
0.92 |
XLG-12A |
Less
Than Zero |
Less
Than Zero |
XLG-25A |
0.54 |
Less
Than Zero |
KLX-47 |
Less
Than Zero |
0.33 |
BTX-26 |
Less
Than Zero |
Less
Than Zero |
Ar-Ar
Chronology Of The Martian Meteorite
The
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Manchester, dated these meteorite
samples in 1997. 34 The
samples are believed to be material ejected from the surface of Mars billion so
years ago. 34 If we look
at the data in table 9we see that there
is a 24,648 million difference between the oldest and youngest date. 35 If we look at the dates
and error margins in Table 2 in the original article we see that the maximum age
is 6,047 million years and the minimum is 257 million years. 36
Table
9
Sample
|
Minimum
Age |
Maximum
Age |
Number |
Million
Years |
Million
Years |
ALH84001,110 |
||
1,300 |
4,626 |
5,236 |
1,450 |
4,345 |
5,013 |
ALH84001,111 |
||
1,200 |
5,138 |
7,980 |
1,300 |
3,904 |
5,694 |
1,450 |
4,151 |
6,373 |
ALH84001,127 |
||
400 |
2,660 |
5,062 |
450 |
4,106 |
5,018 |
500 |
4,012 |
4,550 |
550 |
4,442 |
4,614 |
700 |
4,036 |
4,942 |
800 |
4,179 |
4,847 |
1,200 |
-3,171 |
21,477 |
1,400 |
4,920 |
7,354 |
The Slave
Craton, Canada
These samples
from Canada were dated in 2010 by scientists from the Earth & Atmospheric
Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 37 Some of the specimens
were dated to be over 5.5 billion years old. 38 The author tells how the
isochron gave absurd ages:“In contrast, the most radiogenic sulphides in sample
1636 plot about an impossible 5 Ga model isochron.” 39 The admission is that the
dates are impossible and meaningless: “The Re–Os
isotope systematics of sulphides in sample 1636 are disturbed (Fig. 6e), with three of
four samples falling on an impossible 5 Ga model isochron.” 40
U-Th-Pb
Systematics In Lunar Highland Samples
California
Institute of Technology, (Pasadena, California) dated these Lunar rocks in 1972.
41 Eighty one dates
are older than the evolutionist age of the Solar System. Sixty three are over
five billion years old. Seven are over six billion years old. 42
Table
10
Space
Probe/Sample |
207Pb |
206Pb |
207Pb |
208Pb |
Luna
20 |
206Pb |
238U |
235U |
232Th |
22001,
1 A-2 |
4.94 |
5.83 |
5.19 |
5.87 |
5.00 |
5.20 |
5.06 |
5.01 | |
4.92 |
6.09 |
5.24 |
6.24 | |
22001,
1A-2 |
4.96 |
5.78 |
5.19 |
6.08 |
5.01 |
5.25 |
5.08 |
5.30 | |
4.95 |
5.83 |
5.20 |
6.14 | |
67481,
26 |
4.92 |
5.49 |
5.08 |
5.80 |
4.94 |
5.29 |
5.04 |
5.52 | |
4.92 |
5.51 |
5.09 |
5.84 | |
64421,
29 |
4.91 |
5.41 |
5.05 |
5.47 |
4.94 |
5.00 |
4.96 |
4.91 | |
4.90 |
5.43 |
5.06 |
5.50 | |
60501,
31 |
4.98 |
5.35 |
5.08 |
5.26 |
4.99 |
5.23 |
5.06 |
5.10 | |
4.97 |
5.36 |
5.09 |
5.28 | |
68501,
52 |
5.05 |
5.61 |
5.21 |
5.55 |
5.06 |
5.48 |
5.18 |
5.37 | |
5.05 |
5.62 |
5.21 |
5.56 | |
60025,
65 |
4.64 |
6.64 |
5.18 |
5.64 |
4.75 |
3.75 |
4.42 |
2.51 | |
4.62 |
7.83 |
5.45 |
7.21 |
If we run the
Lead 207/206 ratios 43
through Isoplot we get the following ages as listed in Table
11:
Table
11
Lead
207/206 |
Million |
Ratio |
Years |
0.8166 |
4,951 |
0.8196 |
4,956 |
0.8189 |
4,955 |
0.8190 |
4,955 |
0.7804 |
4,886 |
0.7800 |
4,886 |
0.7883 |
4,901 |
0.7886 |
4,901 |
0.8006 |
4,923 |
0.8008 |
4,923 |
0.8417 |
4,994 |
0.8417 |
4,994 |
0.7989 |
4,920 |
0.8015 |
4,924 |
The
author comments on the major problems with dating these samples: “The data for
all highland soils analyzed here are shown in fig. 4. All five data points lie
far above the concordia curve and give ages for a single stage model which are
in excess of 4.6 AE (see table 5). The 206Pb-238U ages range up to 5.83 AE. The
207Pb-206Pb ages are also very high.” 44
His calculations
confirm the wrong ages radiometric dating gives: “Inspection of rows D and E in table
5 shows the extreme limits of the207Pb-206Pb ages. All highland soils analyzed
have 207Pb-206Pb model ages in excess of 4.90 AE. These are the highest values
observed so far for samples of 'total lunar soil'.” 45
A 40Ar/39Ar
Geochronological Study
Rock
samples from the Lower Onverwacht Volcanics in Barberton Mountain Land, South
Africa were dated in 1992 by geologists from the Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, and the Department of Geological Sciences,
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. 46 The youngest date
was 4.5 x 10-16 years. 47 How can a rock
that exists in the present have formed 4,500 trillion years in the future? Such
a proposition is illogical.
Table 12
Sample
Number |
Age,
Million Years |
B40-A,
Third Run |
-45,000,000,000 |
-310,000 | |
B40-E |
-56,112 |
386 | |
2,663 | |
2,667 | |
2,672 | |
2,943 | |
3,321 | |
3,313 | |
3,299 | |
KT-17B,
FIRST RUN |
6,555 |
6,296 | |
4,969 | |
5,117 | |
6,164 | |
5,228 | |
KT-17B,
SECOND RUN |
6,848 |
6,479 | |
5,731 | |
KT-17B,
Plagioclase Concentrate |
6,204 |
6,904 | |
6,560 | |
6,544 | |
5,105 | |
B56-A,
First Run |
7,810 |
4,864 | |
4,890 | |
B56-A,
Second Run |
5,597 |
The
Archaean Barberton Greenstone Belt
In
1998 diamond samples were dated by scientist from the Johannes Gutenberg
University, Mainz, Germany, the Max-Planck Institute Chemistry, and the Centre
Geochemistry, Strasbourg, France. 48 According to the author
the true ages is 2.7 billion years: “All three
isotopic systems of whole rocks indicate ages of ~2.7 Ga, much younger than the
depositional age of the successions.”
49 “By treating the
primary isochron slope of the Pb-isotopic data of sample OG 1 as a secondary
isochron, an additional recalculation of the 208Pb/204Pb isotopic values
indicates that the 232Th/238U (k) isotopic ratio of sample OG 1 has had a value
of 4.78 from~2.7 Ga, which is slightly higher than the typical k value of ~4
(Taylor and McLennan, 1985).” 50
When we run the 207Pb/206Pb ratios listed 51 in the essay through
Isoplot we get dates almost 2 billion years older. A radically different
answer!
Table
13
Sample |
207Pb/206Pb |
Sample |
207Pb/206Pb |
Number |
Million
Years |
Number |
Million
Years |
OG-1-a |
4,557 |
OG-1-x |
4,557 |
OG-1-b |
4,544 |
OG-1-y |
4,544 |
OG-1-c |
4,554 |
OG-1-z |
4,554 |
OG-1-d |
4,476 |
OG-1-aa |
4,476 |
OG-1-e |
4,596 |
OG-1-1a |
4,596 |
OG-1-f |
4,560 |
OG-1-1b |
4,560 |
OG-1-g |
4,566 |
OG-1-2a |
4,566 |
OG-1-h |
4,499 |
OG-1-2b |
4,499 |
OG-1-i |
4,495 |
OG-1-3a |
4,495 |
OG-1-j |
4,507 |
OG-1-3b |
4,507 |
OG-1-k |
4,514 |
OG-1-7a |
4,514 |
OG-1-l |
4,518 |
OG-1-7b |
4,518 |
OG-1-m |
4,454 |
OG-1-8a |
4,454 |
OG-1-n |
4,570 |
OG-1-8b |
4,570 |
OG-1-o |
4,477 |
OG-1-9a |
4,477 |
OG-1-p |
4,517 |
OG-1-9b |
4,517 |
OG-1-q |
4,534 |
OG-1-12a |
4,534 |
OG-1-r |
4,563 |
OG-1-12b |
4,563 |
OG-1-s |
4,510 |
OG-1-13a |
4,510 |
OG-1-t |
4,535 |
OG-1-13b |
4,535 |
OG-1-u |
4,458 |
OG-1-14a |
4,458 |
OG-1-v |
4,587 |
OG-1-14b |
4,587 |
OG |
4,488 |
Zircon
Uranium/Lead Ages Of Guyana Greenstone
These
mineral samples were dated in 1982 by scientists from the Department of
Geological Sciences, Cornell University, New York and the Department of Earth
Sciences, University of New Hampshire. 52 According to the article
the true age of the specimen is 2250
Million years old. 53
If we run the isotopic
ratios 54 through Isoplot we find that there is
a 43,364 million difference between the oldest and youngest
date.
‘
Table
14
Sample |
207Pb/206Pb |
206Pb/238U |
207Pb/235U |
Number |
Million
Years |
Million
Years |
Million
Years |
1a |
2,226 |
2,218 |
44,242 |
1b |
2,217 |
2,021 |
42,199 |
1d |
2,210 |
1,806 |
39,839 |
1e |
2,177 |
1,838 |
39,861 |
3a |
2,249 |
1,835 |
40,561 |
3b |
2,236 |
878 |
27,142 |
4a |
2,206 |
1,617 |
37,640 |
4c |
2,155 |
1,327 |
33,447 |
4d |
2,183 |
1,339 |
33,871 |
5a |
2,242 |
1,776 |
39,833 |
References
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Comparison of African and Canadian Diamonds,
Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 2000, Volume 64, Number 4, Pages
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2
Reference 1, Page 725
3
Reference 1, Page 724
4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_Earth
5
http://web.archive.org/web/20051223072700/http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html
6
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/190/1/205
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Geological
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Earth
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9
Reference 8, Page 932-935
10
Reference 8, Page 925
11
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_rock
13
Northwest Africa
482, Meteoritics
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14
Reference 13, Page 1806
15
Reference 13, Page 1805
16
Re–Os isotopic composition in diamonds
Geochimica
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17
Reference 16, Page 3296
18
Reference 16, Page 3297
19
K-Ar Dating of Diamonds
Geochimica
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20
Reference 19, Page 2221
21
Reference 19, Page 2220
22
Isotopic And Petrographic Evidence
Geochimica
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23
Reference 22, Page 5826
24
Reference 22, Page 5826-5827
25
Reference 22, Page 5832
26
Re–Os Systematics Of Diamond-Bearing
Eclogites
Lithos,
2003, Volume 71, Pages 323– 336
27
Reference 26, Page 329
28
Reference 26, Page 331
29
Reference 26, Page 333
30
A Study Of Northern Canadian Cordillera
Xenoliths
Geochimica
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31
Reference 30, Page 3063
32
Reference 30, Page 3064
33
Reference 30, Page 3067
34
Ar-Ar Chronology Of The Martian
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Geochimica
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35
Reference 34, Page 3839
36
Reference 34, Page 38423842
37
The Slave Craton, Canada
Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 2010, Volume 74, Pages 5368
38
Reference 37, Page 53753842
39
Reference 37, Page 53723842
40
Reference 37, Page 53773842
41
U-Th-Pb Systematics In Lunar Highland
Samples
Earth
And Planetary Science Letters, 1972, Volume 17, Pages
36-51
42
Reference 41, Page 45,
46
43
Reference 41, Page 42,
43
44
Reference 41, Page 44
45
Reference 41, Page 39, 40
46
A 40Ar/39Ar Geochronological Study
Precambrian
Research, 1992, Volume 57, Pages 91-119
47
Reference 46, Page 109
48
Archaean Barberton Greenstone Belt
Precambrian
Research, 1998, Volume 92, Pages 129–144
49
Reference 48, Page 129
50
Reference 48, Page 140
51
Reference 48, Page 136
52
Zircon U-Pb Ages Of Guyana Greenstone
Precambrian
Research, 1982, Volume 17, Pages 199-214
53
Reference 52, Page 199
54
Reference 52, Page 207