Radiometric Dating Methods

Eon	Era	Time frame
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	66 million years ago to present
Mesozoic	251.902 to 66 million years ago
Paleozoic	541 to 251.902 million years ago
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	1,000 to 541 million years ago
Mesoproterozoic	1,600 to 1,000 million years ago
Paleoproterozoic	2,500 to 1,600 million years ago
Archean	Neoarchean	2,800 to 2,500 million years ago
Mesoarchean	3,200 to 2,800 million years ago
Paleoarchean	3,600 to 3,200 million years ago
Eoarchean	4,000 to 3,600 million years ago
Hadean	Not divided into eras	4 ,500 to 4,000 million years ago

The Evolutionary Geological Column

Eon	Era	Period	Extent, Million Years Ago	Duration, Millions of Years
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary (Pleistocene/Holocene)	2.588–0	2.588+
Neogene (Miocene/Pliocene)	23.03–2.588	20.4
Paleogene (Paleocene/Eocene/Oligocene)	66.0–23.03	42.9
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	145.5–66.0	79.5
Jurassic	201.3–145.0	56.3
Triassic	252.17–201.3	50.9
Paleozoic	Permian	298.9–252.17	46.7
Carboniferous (Mississippian/Pennsylvanian)	358.9–298.9	60
Devonian	419.2–358.9	60.3
Silurian	443.4–419.2	24.2
Ordovician	485.4–443.4	42
Cambrian	541.0–485.4	55.6
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran	635.0–541.0	94
Cryogenian	850–635	215
Tonian	1000–850	150
Mesoproterozoic	Stenian	1200–1000	200
Ectasian	1400–1200	200
Calymmian	1600–1400	200
Paleoproterozoic	Statherian	1800–1600	200
Orosirian	2050–1800	250
Rhyacian	2300–2050	250
Siderian	2500–2300	200

Eon Era Period Extent, Million
Years Ago Duration, Millions
of Years

Phanerozoic Cenozoic Quaternary (Pleistocene/Holocene) 2.588–0 2.588+

Neogene (Miocene/Pliocene) 23.03–2.588 20.4

Paleogene (Paleocene/Eocene/Oligocene) 66.0–23.03 42.9

Mesozoic Cretaceous 145.5–66.0 79.5

Jurassic 201.3–145.0 56.3

Triassic 252.17–201.3 50.9

Paleozoic Permian 298.9–252.17 46.7

Carboniferous (Mississippian/Pennsylvanian) 358.9–298.9 60

Devonian 419.2–358.9 60.3

Silurian 443.4–419.2 24.2

Ordovician 485.4–443.4 42

Cambrian 541.0–485.4 55.6

Proterozoic Neoproterozoic Ediacaran 635.0–541.0 94

Cryogenian 850–635 215

Tonian 1000–850 150

Mesoproterozoic Stenian 1200–1000 200

Ectasian 1400–1200 200

Calymmian 1600–1400 200

Paleoproterozoic Statherian 1800–1600 200

Orosirian 2050–1800 250

Rhyacian 2300–2050 250

Siderian 2500–2300 200

Number Of Negative Dates, Rocks older than the Earth, Galaxy and Universe

Period

End (Ma)

Start (Ma)

Negative

Earth

Galaxy

Universe

Impossible

Total Dates

Quaternary

0

3.6

78

896

93

77

1,144

1,198

Neogene

3.6

28.1

156

1166

109

76

1,507

2,383

Paleogene

28.1

72.1

61

1233

49

15

1,358

1,660

Cretaceous

72.1

152.1

141

1317

515

432

2,405

2,566

Jurassic

152.1

208.5

86

251

29

24

390

578

Triassic

208.5

254.2

20

127

18

6

171

264

Permian

254.2

303.7

14

165

32

1

212

381

Carboniferous

303.7

372.2

2

249

71

60

382

481

Devonian

372.2

423

6

84

16

12

118

597

Silurian

423

445.2

17

17

51

Ordovician

445.2

489.5

166

187

25

19

397

532

Cambrian

489.5

541

88

172

56

45

361

486

Ediacaran

541

850

232

141

28

22

423

729

Cryogenian

850

1,000

113

46

23

182

205

Tonian

1,000

1,200

136

72

11

8

227

728

Stenian

1,200

1,400

68

193

13

10

284

814

Ectasian

1,400

1,600

193

377

89

82

741

996

Calymmian

1,600

1,800

106

513

70

34

723

1,766

Statherian

1,800

2,050

454

541

52

40

1,087

1,730

Orosirian

2,050

2,300

28

136

54

23

241

344

Rhyacian

2,300

2,500

8

118

29

21

176

216

Siderian

2,500

2,800

374

292

29

26

721

1531

Neo Archean

2,800

3,200

388

544

137

90

1,159

1,610

Meso Archean

3,200

3,600

39

142

45

36

262

2,897

Paleo Archean

3,600

4,000

59

259

38

27

383

934

Eo Archean

4,000

4,100

192

79

74

345

420

Early Imbrian

4,100

4,300

80

80

7

3

170

271

Nectarian

4,300

4,500

4

180

30

23

237

542

Basin Groups

4,500

4,567

288

800

48

33

1,169

1,613

Cryptic

4,567

4,600

12

212

1

1

226

318

Solar System

4,600

4,650

54

47

3

1

105

143

Totals 3,341 10,816 1,822 1,344 17,323 28,984

Number Of Dates In Variance With The Geological Column

Period

End (Ma)

Start (Ma)

To Old

To Young

Wrong Age

Right Age

Quaternary

0

3.6

1,096

86

1,182

16

Neogene

3.6

28.1

1,895

258

2,153

230

Paleogene

28.1

72.1

1,425

89

1,514

146

Cretaceous

72.1

152.1

1,805

278

2,083

483

Jurassic

152.1

208.5

380

95

475

103

Triassic

208.5

254.2

227

34

261

3

Permian

254.2

303.7

345

28

373

8

Carboniferous

303.7

372.2

404

48

452

29

Devonian

372.2

423

452

107

559

38

Silurian

423

445.2

17

34

51

0

Ordovician

445.2

489.5

332

194

526

6

Cambrian

489.5

541

256

209

465

21

Ediacaran

541

850

252

369

621

108

Cryogenian

850

1,000

181

23

204

1

Tonian

1,000

1,200

293

409

702

26

Stenian

1,200

1,400

309

405

714

100

Ectasian

1,400

1,600

552

399

951

45

Calymmian

1,600

1,800

965

583

1,548

218

Statherian

1,800

2,050

803

831

1,634

96

Orosirian

2,050

2,300

177

140

317

27

Rhyacian

2,300

2,500

133

80

213

3

Siderian

2,500

2,800

438

1007

1,445

86

Neo Archean

2,800

3,200

708

761

1,469

141

Meso Archean

3,200

3,600

1013

1373

2,386

511

Paleo Archean

3,600

4,000

343

443

786

149

Eo Archean

4,000

4,100

219

191

410

10

Early Imbrian

4,100

4,300

93

161

254

17

Nectarian

4,300

4,500

234

230

464

78

Basin Groups

4,500

4,567

851

581

1,432

181

Cryptic

4,567

4,600

217

96

313

5

Solar System

4,600

4,650

47

86

133

10

Totals 16,462 9,628 26,090 2,895

Different Radiometric Dating Methods

Period

K/Ar

Ar/Ar

Re/Os

Pb/Pb

Pb/Th

U235

U238

Sm/Nd

Rb/Sr

Os/Os

Lu/Hf

Quaternary

17

35

799

143

141

24

39

Neogene

25

1,045

301

199

485

40

104

167

15

Paleogene

44

988

187

63

183

47

108

40

Cretaceous

35

48

14

721

552

175

466

205

234

42

74

Jurassic

10

20

13

214

25

12

67

30

103

84

Triassic

145

20

18

61

20

Permian

72

90

90

105

24

Carboniferous

13

227

53

22

124

29

13

Devonian

55

33

23

98

52

27

98

19

169

11

12

Silurian

17

17

17

Ordovician

120

179

119

7

16

16

36

39

Cambrian

99

81

35

19

51

28

38

135

Ediacaran

178

30

151

13

44

15

10

38

250

Cryogenian

36

45

27

27

28

28

14

Tonian

147

380

44

25

25

14

76

17

Stenian

7

123

95

185

46

30

46

9

207

57

9

Ectasian

300

33

164

19

19

16

81

306

58

Calymmian

51

64

230

566

93

144

232

17

207

162

Statherian

139

227

655

12

84

144

18

17

419

15

Orosirian

76

96

42

10

42

6

24

48

Rhyacian

28

86

37

24

27

14

Siderian

428

307

16

16

124

93

473

74

Neo Archean

29

68

411

199

262

36

127

35

77

346

20

Meso Archean

203

90

575

1066

12

787

36

128

Paleo Archean

117

14

210

23

19

213

76

98

51

113

Eo Archean

264

54

49

53

Early Imbrian

119

20

18

17

17

80

Nectarian

298

79

17

20

4

124

Basin Groups

17

393

435

68

150

222

10

35

283

Cryptic

228

11

22

22

15

20

Solar System

30

13

26

6

6

2

60

Totals 251 2,850 2,416 8,597 3,189 1,256 3,867 777 1,995 3,363 421

Download/View The Complete Summary

Adobe Acrobat Hyperlink Pages HTML Hyperlinks Pages

Entire_Book.pdf 326

00_Summary.pdf 22 00_Summary.htm 22

01_Quaternary.pdf 22 01_Quaternary.htm 22

02_Neogene.pdf 22 02_Neogene.htm 22

03_Paleogene.pdf 17 03_Paleogene.htm 17

04_Cretaceous.pdf 26 04_Cretaceous.htm 26

05_Jurassic.pdf 7 05_Jurassic.htm 7

06_Triassic.pdf 4 06_Triassic.htm 4

07_Permian.pdf 3 07_Permian.htm 3

08_Carboniferous.pdf 7 08_Carboniferous.htm 7

09_Devonian.pdf 6 09_Devonian.htm 6

10_Silurian.pdf 1 10_Silurian.htm 1

11_Ordovician.pdf 6 11_Ordovician.htm 6

12_Cambrian.pdf 5 12_Cambrian.htm 5

13_Ediacaran.pdf 11 13_Ediacaran.htm 11

14_Cryogenian.pdf 3 14_Cryogenian.htm 3

15_Tonian.pdf 7 15_Tonian.htm 7

16_Stenian.pdf 10 16_Stenian.htm 10

17_Ectasian.pdf 14 17_Ectasian.htm 14

18_Calymmian.pdf 17 18_Calymmian.htm 17

19_Statherian.pdf 17 19_Statherian.htm 17

20_Orosirian.pdf 5 20_Orosirian.htm 5

21_Rhyacian.pdf 3 21_Rhyacian.htm 3

22_Siderian.pdf 19 22_Siderian.htm 19

23_Neoarchean.pdf 19 23_Neoarchean.htm 19

24_Mesoarchean.pdf 9 24_Mesoarchean.htm 9

25_Paleoarchean.pdf 12 25_Paleoarchean.htm 12

26_Eoarchean.pdf 6 26_Eoarchean.htm 6

27_Early Imbrian.pdf 3 27_Early Imbrian.htm 3

28_Nectarian.pdf 8 28_Nectarian.htm 8

29_Basin Groups.pdf 24 29_Basin Groups.htm 24

30_Cryptic.pdf 6 30_Cryptic.htm 6

31_Solar System.pdf 5 31_Solar System.htm 5

Period	End (Ma)	Start (Ma)	Negative	Earth	Galaxy	Universe	Impossible	Total Dates
Quaternary	0	3.6	78	896	93	77	1,144	1,198
Neogene	3.6	28.1	156	1166	109	76	1,507	2,383
Paleogene	28.1	72.1	61	1233	49	15	1,358	1,660
Cretaceous	72.1	152.1	141	1317	515	432	2,405	2,566
Jurassic	152.1	208.5	86	251	29	24	390	578
Triassic	208.5	254.2	20	127	18	6	171	264
Permian	254.2	303.7	14	165	32	1	212	381
Carboniferous	303.7	372.2	2	249	71	60	382	481
Devonian	372.2	423	6	84	16	12	118	597
Silurian	423	445.2		17			17	51
Ordovician	445.2	489.5	166	187	25	19	397	532
Cambrian	489.5	541	88	172	56	45	361	486
Ediacaran	541	850	232	141	28	22	423	729
Cryogenian	850	1,000		113	46	23	182	205
Tonian	1,000	1,200	136	72	11	8	227	728
Stenian	1,200	1,400	68	193	13	10	284	814
Ectasian	1,400	1,600	193	377	89	82	741	996
Calymmian	1,600	1,800	106	513	70	34	723	1,766
Statherian	1,800	2,050	454	541	52	40	1,087	1,730
Orosirian	2,050	2,300	28	136	54	23	241	344
Rhyacian	2,300	2,500	8	118	29	21	176	216
Siderian	2,500	2,800	374	292	29	26	721	1531
Neo Archean	2,800	3,200	388	544	137	90	1,159	1,610
Meso Archean	3,200	3,600	39	142	45	36	262	2,897
Paleo Archean	3,600	4,000	59	259	38	27	383	934
Eo Archean	4,000	4,100		192	79	74	345	420
Early Imbrian	4,100	4,300	80	80	7	3	170	271
Nectarian	4,300	4,500	4	180	30	23	237	542
Basin Groups	4,500	4,567	288	800	48	33	1,169	1,613
Cryptic	4,567	4,600	12	212	1	1	226	318
Solar System	4,600	4,650	54	47	3	1	105	143
Totals			3,341	10,816	1,822	1,344	17,323	28,984

Period	K/Ar	Ar/Ar	Re/Os	Pb/Pb	Pb/Th	U235	U238	Sm/Nd	Rb/Sr	Os/Os	Lu/Hf
Quaternary	17	35		799	143		141		24	39
Neogene		25		1,045	301	199	485	40	104	167	15
Paleogene		44		988	187	63	183	47	108	40
Cretaceous	35	48	14	721	552	175	466	205	234	42	74
Jurassic	10	20	13	214	25	12	67	30	103	84
Triassic				145	20	18	61			20
Permian				72	90	90	105		24
Carboniferous			13	227	53	22	124		29	13
Devonian	55	33	23	98	52	27	98	19	169	11	12
Silurian				17				17	17
Ordovician		120	179	119	7	16	16		36	39
Cambrian			99	81	35	19	51	28	38	135
Ediacaran		178	30	151	13	44	15	10	38	250
Cryogenian		36		45	27		27	28	28		14
Tonian		147	380	44		25	25	14		76	17
Stenian	7	123	95	185	46	30	46	9	207	57	9
Ectasian		300	33	164	19		19	16	81	306	58
Calymmian	51	64	230	566	93	144	232	17	207	162
Statherian		139	227	655	12	84	144	18	17	419	15
Orosirian		76	96	42		10	42	6	24	48
Rhyacian			28	86			37	24	27	14
Siderian			428	307		16	16	124	93	473	74
Neo Archean	29	68	411	199	262	36	127	35	77	346	20
Meso Archean		203	90	575	1066	12	787		36	128
Paleo Archean		117	14	210	23	19	213	76	98	51	113
Eo Archean		264		54	49		53
Early Imbrian		119		20	18	17	17			80
Nectarian		298		79	17		20	4	124
Basin Groups	17	393		435	68	150	222	10	35	283
Cryptic				228	11	22	22		15	20
Solar System	30		13	26		6	6		2	60
Totals	251	2,850	2,416	8,597	3,189	1,256	3,867	777	1,995	3,363	421

Adobe Acrobat Hyperlink	Pages	HTML Hyperlinks	Pages
Entire_Book.pdf	326
00_Summary.pdf	22	00_Summary.htm	22
01_Quaternary.pdf	22	01_Quaternary.htm	22
02_Neogene.pdf	22	02_Neogene.htm	22
03_Paleogene.pdf	17	03_Paleogene.htm	17
04_Cretaceous.pdf	26	04_Cretaceous.htm	26
05_Jurassic.pdf	7	05_Jurassic.htm	7
06_Triassic.pdf	4	06_Triassic.htm	4
07_Permian.pdf	3	07_Permian.htm	3
08_Carboniferous.pdf	7	08_Carboniferous.htm	7
09_Devonian.pdf	6	09_Devonian.htm	6
10_Silurian.pdf	1	10_Silurian.htm	1
11_Ordovician.pdf	6	11_Ordovician.htm	6
12_Cambrian.pdf	5	12_Cambrian.htm	5
13_Ediacaran.pdf	11	13_Ediacaran.htm	11
14_Cryogenian.pdf	3	14_Cryogenian.htm	3
15_Tonian.pdf	7	15_Tonian.htm	7
16_Stenian.pdf	10	16_Stenian.htm	10
17_Ectasian.pdf	14	17_Ectasian.htm	14
18_Calymmian.pdf	17	18_Calymmian.htm	17
19_Statherian.pdf	17	19_Statherian.htm	17
20_Orosirian.pdf	5	20_Orosirian.htm	5
21_Rhyacian.pdf	3	21_Rhyacian.htm	3
22_Siderian.pdf	19	22_Siderian.htm	19
23_Neoarchean.pdf	19	23_Neoarchean.htm	19
24_Mesoarchean.pdf	9	24_Mesoarchean.htm	9
25_Paleoarchean.pdf	12	25_Paleoarchean.htm	12
26_Eoarchean.pdf	6	26_Eoarchean.htm	6
27_Early Imbrian.pdf	3	27_Early Imbrian.htm	3
28_Nectarian.pdf	8	28_Nectarian.htm	8
29_Basin Groups.pdf	24	29_Basin Groups.htm	24
30_Cryptic.pdf	6	30_Cryptic.htm	6
31_Solar System.pdf	5	31_Solar System.htm	5

List of geological eras in Earth's history